Scoring based upon goals achieved and subjective elements

ABSTRACT

A scoring method and system for determining points in a game. Goal-based points are determined as a function of a player achieving a goal set by the player that is not predefined by the game and are used to determine the player&#39;s status in the game, such as whether the player advances to a next level. Subjective style points are awarded if the player performs feats of style that are not necessary tasks of the game, depend upon the type of game, and may include sliding, spinning, jumping, blocking an opponent, passing an opponent, and avoiding obstacles. Objective skill points may be combined with subjective style points and goal-based points. Alternatively, one of these three types of points may be modified as a function of one or both of the other two types of points.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to point scoring for games, and moreparticularly, to a point scoring method and system that enables a playerto obtain points during a game in relation to a performance goal set bythe player, and in relation to the player's style of play as well as theplayer's skill in accomplishing tasks during play of the game.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many games enable a player to obtain points for successfully completingcertain defined tasks of the game. For example, points may be awarded toa player for completing a task in a game in less time than any otherplayer, or in less than a predefined target time. Alternatively, pointsare often awarded to a player who destroys one or more opponents. Suchgames reward a player based on the player's objective skill in playingthe game, but do not include any provision for awarding points basedupon the style applied by the player in completing a task of the game.Completion of objective tasks is the only measure of success in thegame.

However, the style or flair with which a player performs a task in agame that only normally rewards successful completion of the task isoften what makes a game more interesting for a player and observers. Forexample, professional athletes are often revered not just for theirability to perform the objective tasks of a game, but also for thefinesse with which they perform the tasks. A basketball player is oftenconsidered exceptional if the player can remain in the air for a longtime before slam dunking the ball through the net. However, basketballdoes not award any points for the style of play, but only awards thesame two points for any baskets that have been successfully made.

An example of an electronic skill-based game is RIDGE RACER® by Namco,Ltd. RIDGE RACER simulates automobile racing and runs on a PLAYSTATION™game console, produced by Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. In thisgame, the player races an automobile on a track against five opponents.At each level of the game, the player must win the race in order toprogress to a more difficult level. In addition, at each level of thegame, the player must reach each of a number of “split lines” within apredefined time limit. The same limit is set, regardless of the player'sskill and finesse. If the player fails to reach the first split linewithin the predefined time limit, the player must race again at the samelevel. An unskilled player may have to repeat the same race numeroustimes before achieving all of the split line times and winning the raceto progress to the next level. This type of game can thus be veryfrustrating to new players. Conversely, a skilled player may win therace easily, performing amazing overtakes of opponent cars, doingawesome power slides, performing cool “two wheel” turns around a sharpbend, and avoiding all collisions. For this skilled player, the lowerlevels may be boring. Despite the additional skill, the reward is thesame; the skilled player simply is allowed to progress to the nextlevel.

Some games attempt to address this problem by enabling a player tochoose a setting of novice, intermediate, or expert before beginningplay of the game. However, even with these additional refinements, theunderlying game remains the same. Specifically, the player must beat theopponents and/or predefined time limits to progress to the next level.There are no additional rewards for a player performing a task betterthan the skill setting (i.e., novice, intermediate, expert) chosen bythe player. There are also no additional rewards for a player performingstylish feats that are not required tasks of the game.

Conversely, in some games the winner is the player who best performsfeats of style. Such games generally award a subjective score forgraceful performance of tasks that have varying degrees of difficulty.Typically, a subjective score for each task is multiplied by the degreeof difficulty of the task. For example, an electronic skateboarding gamecalled TONY HAWK'S PRO SKATER™, by Treyarch, Inc., requires a player toperform skateboarding tricks of varying difficulty to obtain points.When enough points are obtained, the player is rewarded with anotherskateboard or is advanced to the next level.

Another electronic game, called SSX™, by Electronic Arts, Inc., combinessome aspects of style with racing to cross the finish line first.However, in this game, style and racing still remain separate, in termsof advancing within the game. The game is based on the sport ofsnowboarding, and a player must win at one level to advance to the nextlevel. SSX players compete in two types of events. The first type ofevent is a race. If a player wins the final round of a race, the playeris awarded a medal for the course, and is allowed to proceed to anothercourse. The other type of event is the “showoff round,” where the playeris awarded a medal, and allowed to proceed to another course, based onthe player's total score after a single run. In the showoff round,points are awarded for snowboard tricks, which include jumps and grabs.

These two events are somewhat similar to those in the OLYMPIC™snowboarding competition. According to the official Web site of the SaltLake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games, athletes will compete in a “GiantSlalom” event, and the final competitors will be determined by theirqualifying times and by winning in preliminary events. In addition,athletes will compete in a “Halfpipe” event that is based only onsubjective judging of style and ability to do tricks.

The OLYMPIC event of Freestyle Mogul Skiing combines aspects of time andform in a split-scoring system. In this sporting event, judges evaluatean athlete's turns and jumps over moguls to award seventy-five percent(75%) of an athlete's points for a run. The speed of the skier throughthe run determines the remaining twenty-five percent (25%) of theathlete's score. The athlete's run time is compared to a predeterminedpace-setter's time to determine the number of points for the athlete'sspeed. An athlete receives (or loses) a predetermined number of pointsfor each incremental percentage difference from the pace-setter's timeto complete the run. In short, the sport is primarily subjective, basedon form, but includes a minor component of scoring based on objectivetime. Currently, there does not appear to be any electronic game thatimplements the split-scoring method of Olympic Freestyle Mogul Skiing.

The electronic snowboarding game, SSX, discussed above, includes a minorstyle aspect to the racing events, but a winner is primarily determinedbased upon objective race event results. Besides the separate “showoffround,” a player can perform optional tricks during a race event, whichindirectly enhance the player's speed. Every time a trick is landedsuccessfully, an “adrenaline meter” fills up with “boost.” Boostpassively increases the player's base speed, and boost may be expendedfor a burst of speed. However, the game still requires a player to winthe race in order to advance to the next level. A player cannot lose therace, yet still obtain enough trick points to advance to the next level.

Further, even if a player performs better than the player expected ofhimself or herself, the player will still not advance to the next levelwithout winning the race. The game itself sets the targets and goals fora player. The races and the goals listed are predefined (e.g., competeagainst the other players and pass the finish line first). Even thoughSSX includes some aspects of style in racing, the game is fundamentallythe same as simple games, such as RIDGE RACER, because a player must winthe race to advance to the next level. Again, an unskilled player may befrustrated by having to repeat the same race numerous times beforeprogressing to the next level. Conversely, a skilled player may be boredby having to go through the lower levels without direct reward for greatstyle.

Some other games enable a player to wager on the player's performance.Wagers may be for money or for other rewards, such as another car to usein the game. For example, a simulated boxing game called READY 2RUMBLE™, by Midway Home Entertainment, Inc., enables a player to wageron beating an opponent in the ring. If successful, the player receivessimulated money to spend on additional skills or other simulated rewardsin the game. However, there are no style aspects to the game, and thegame does not enable a player to wager on anything other than winning aboxing match.

It would therefore be desirable to address the above problems byproviding a combined scoring system for use in a game that enables aplayer to score and progress in the game via a common point system. Itwould also be desirable to enable a player to benefit from the player'sstyle of performance in games that don't normally (or don't primarily)include points awarded for a player's style as part of the game.Moreover, it would be desirable to provide a game scoring system thatenables a player to set goals for a game that if successfully achieved,will result in points being awarded the player. Thus, a scoring systemaddressing these issues would provide the following two benefitsindividually or in combination:

enable players to SET THEIR OWN GOALS in the game—e.g., set theparameters for completing a race or challenge in order to win morepoints; and/or

enable players to advance based not only on their results in the race orchallenge, but also based on how STYLISHLY they achieve those results,especially in games that do not normally (or not primarily) include astyle aspect as part of the points awarded in the game.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the present invention, a game scoring method and systemprovides for determining points as a function of a player's performancein relation to achieving a goal set by the player. Instead of the gamedefining the performance goal, the player is able to set a goal, such asspecifying a time within which the player will complete a task, orindicating a number of opponents that the player will beat, orspecifying a handicap the player will overcome, or identifying arelative position in which the player will finish a portion of the game.These goal-based points are preferably used to determine a player'sstatus in the game, such as determining whether the player will advanceto a next level. A predetermined number of goal-based points may beawarded if the player meets the goal set by the player. Alternatively,the goal-based points awarded will be determined as a function of theamount by which the player exceeds the goal that was set. In a furthervariation, the player may be enabled to gamble that the player willachieve the goal, and may gamble a joker or wildcard that magnifies theplayer's points.

In another aspect of the present invention, subjective style points aredetermined based on the player's performance with relation to subjectivecriteria. Such criteria include the technique exhibited by the player toaccomplish a task of the game, or whether the player performed feats ofstyle that are not necessary to complete a task of the game. Style featsdepend on the type of game or the activity being scored. For example, aracing game may include style feats such as sliding, spinning, jumping avehicle into the air (or running on two wheels), blocking an opponent,passing an opponent, and avoiding obstacles. A search-and-destroy gamemay include style feats such as somersaulting before destroying anopponent, twirling a weapon, and shooting backward over the player'sshoulder to destroy an opponent instead of facing the opponent andshooting forward.

The invention may further determine and use objective skill points basedon the player's performance with relation to objective criteria, such astime, position, speed, or other physical parameters. Objective skillpoints may be combined with subjective style points and goal-basedpoints. Alternatively, one of the types of points may be modified as afunction of one, or both, of the other two types of points. For example,objective skill points may be multiplied by a factor that is a functionof the subjective style points.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to an electronicsystem that implements the above scoring method. Such a system may be anelectronic game or an electronic scoring system utilized to score anon-electronic game. A further aspect of the present invention isdirected to a machine readable medium on which are stored machineinstructions that generally cause a processing device to perform themethod described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of thisinvention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomesbetter understood by reference to the following detailed description,when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic isometric view of a gaming system, which issuitable for use in implementing the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the gaming system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates a network gaming system in which the gaming system ofFIG. 1 is connected via a network to other consoles and services;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of logic used to determine advancement andother rewards in an exemplary automobile racing game;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of logic used to determine stage points and astage rating based on a player-defined goal, objective skill tasks, andsubjective style feats, in the automobile racing game of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of logic for enabling a player to gamble on theplayer's own potential by setting a goal to be met in a stage of thegame (e.g., in a single racing event), and gambling a joker multiplier;

FIG. 7A is a diagram of a goal screen displayed to a player, enablingthe player to select a target time to complete one lap of a race track;

FIG. 7B is a diagram of a goal screen displayed to a player, enablingthe player to select a target position in which the player believes heor she will finish a race against four other opponents;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a simulated automobile in a power slide andillustrating the parameters associated with the power slide;

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of logic used to determine the number of slidepoints awarded for a power slide; and

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of logic used to apply one or more multipliersto event points awarded for performing two or more events at the sametime, or for beginning one or more additional events within a short timeafter completing a previous event.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with relationto an electronic gaming system, and more specifically with relation to asimulated automobile racing game played on an electronic gaming system.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention mayalso be implemented in an arcade game, in a hand-held device thatexecutes a game, in a personal computer, as an electronic scoring systemapplied to a non-electronic game or sport, and in other systems forapplying points to an activity.

Gaming System

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary electronic gaming system 100 that includes agame console 102 and support for up to four controllers, such ascontrollers 104 a and 104 b. Game console 102 is equipped with aninternal hard disk drive (not shown) and a portable media drive 106 thatsupports various forms of portable storage media, as represented by anoptical storage disk 108. Examples of suitable portable storage mediainclude DVD disks, compact disk-read-only memory (CD-ROM), game disks,and so forth.

On a front face of game console 102 are four slots 110 for connection toand support of the controllers, although the number and arrangement ofslots may be modified. A power button 112 and an eject button 114 arealso positioned on the front face of game console 102. Power button 112controls application of electrical power to the game console, and ejectbutton 114 alternately opens and closes a tray (not shown) of portablemedia drive 106 to enable insertion and extraction of storage disc 108.

Game console 102 connects to a television or other display monitor (notshown) via audio/visual (A/V) interface cables 120. A power cable plug122 provides electrical power to the game console when connected to analternating current line source (not shown). Game console 102 may befurther provided with a data connector 124 to transfer data over anetwork, such as the Internet, at conventional telephone modem speeds orbroadband speeds.

Each controller 104 a and 104 b is coupled to game console 102 via awire (or alternatively through a wireless) interface. In the illustratedimplementation, the controllers are Universal Serial Bus (USB)compatible and are connected to game console 102 via USB cables 130.Game console 102 may be equipped with any of a wide variety of userinteraction mechanisms. As illustrated in FIG. 1, each controller 104 aand 104 b is equipped with two thumbsticks 132 a and 132 b, a D-pad 134,buttons 136, and two triggers 138. These mechanisms are merelyrepresentative, and other known gaming mechanisms may be substituted foror added to those shown in FIG. 1.

A removable or portable memory unit (MU) 140 may be inserted intocontroller 104 to provide additional and portable storage. Portable MUsenable users to store game parameters and port them for play on otherconsoles. In the described implementation, each controller is configuredto accommodate two MUs, although more or fewer than two MUs may beemployed instead.

Gaming system 100 is capable of playing, for example, games, music, andvideos. With different storage offerings, games and other data can beplayed from the hard disk drive or from optical storage disk 108 indrive 106, from an online source, or from MU 140. For example, gamingsystem 100 is capable of playing:

Game titles stored on CD and DVD discs, on the hard disk drive, ordownloaded from an online source;

Digital music stored on a CD in portable media drive 106, in a file onthe hard disk drive (e.g., Windows Media™ Audio (WMA) format), orderived from online streaming sources; and

Digital AV stored on a DVD disc in portable media drive 106, or in afile on the hard disk drive (e.g., in an Active Streaming Format), orfrom online streaming sources.

FIG. 2 shows functional components of gaming system 100 in greaterdetail. Game console 102 has a central processing unit (CPU) 200 and amemory controller 202 that facilitates processor access to various typesof memory, including a flash read-only memory (ROM) 204, a random accessmemory (RAM) 206, a hard disk drive 208, and portable media drive 106.CPU 200 is equipped with a level 1 cache 210 and a level 2 cache 212 totemporarily store data so as to reduce the number of memory accesscycles, thereby improving processing speed and throughput. CPU 200,memory controller 202, and various memory devices are interconnected viaone or more buses, including serial and parallel buses, a memory bus, aperipheral bus, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety ofbus architectures. By way of example, such architectures can include anIndustry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture(MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics StandardsAssociation (VESA) local bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects(PCI) bus.

As one suitable implementation, CPU 200, memory controller 202, ROM 204,and RAM 206 are integrated onto a common module 214. In thisimplementation, ROM 204 is configured as a flash ROM that is connectedto memory controller 202 via a PCI bus and a ROM bus (neither of whichare shown). RAM 206 is configured as multiple Double Data RateSynchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM) that are independently controlled bymemory controller 202 via separate buses (not shown). Hard disk drive208 and portable media drive 106 are connected to the memory controllervia the PCI bus and an AT Attachment (ATA) bus 216.

A 3D graphics processing unit 220 and a video encoder 222 form a videoprocessing pipeline for high-speed and high-resolution graphicsprocessing. Data are carried from graphics processing unit 220 to videoencoder 222 via a digital video bus (not shown). An audio processingunit 224 and an audio encoder/decoder (codec) 226 form a correspondingaudio processing pipeline for high fidelity and stereo processing. Audiodata are carried between audio processing unit 224 and audio codec 226via a communication link (not shown). The video and audio processingpipelines output data to an A/V port 228 for transmission to thetelevision or other display monitor. In the illustrated implementation,video and audio processing components 220-228 are mounted on module 214.

Also implemented by module 214 are a USB host controller 230 and anetwork interface 232. USB host controller 230 is coupled to CPU 200 andmemory controller 202 via a bus (e.g., the PCI bus), and serves as ahost for peripheral controllers 104 a- 104 d. Network interface 232provides access to a network (e.g., the Internet, home network, etc.)and may be any of a wide variety of various wire or wireless interfacecomponents, including an Ethernet card, a modem, a Bluetooth module, acable modem, and the like.

Game console 102 has two dual controller support subassemblies 240 a and240 b, with each subassembly supporting two game controllers 104 a- 104d. A front panel input/output (I/O) subassembly 242 supports thefunctionality of power button 112 and eject button 114, as well as anylight-emitting diodes (LEDs) or other indicators exposed on the outersurface of the game console. Subassemblies 240 a, 240 b, and 242 arecoupled to module 214 via one or more cable assemblies 244.

Eight MUs 140 a- 140 h are illustrated as being connectable to fourcontrollers 104 a- 104 d, i.e., two MUs for each controller. Each MU 140offers additional storage on which games, game parameters, and otherdata may be stored. When inserted into a controller, MU 140 can beaccessed by memory controller 202.

A system power supply module 250 provides power to the components ofgaming system 100. A fan 252 cools the circuitry within game console102.

To implement the present invention, a software application 260comprising machine instructions is stored on hard disk drive 208.Alternatively, the machine instructions are stored on other storagemedia (or downloaded over the network). When the game console is poweredon, various portions of software application 260 are loaded into RAM 206and/or caches 210, 212 and executed by CPU 200. Software application 260is described below in greater detail.

Gaming system 100 may be operated as a standalone system by simplyconnecting the system to a television or other display monitor. In thisstandalone mode, gaming system 100 enables one or more players to playgames, watch movies, or listen to music. However, with conventionalmodem or broadband connectivity to the Internet or other network madeavailable through network interface 232, gaming system 100 may befurther operated as a component of a larger network gaming community.

Network Gaming

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary network gaming environment 300 thatinterconnects multiple gaming systems 100 a, . . . 100 n via a network302. Network 302 represents any of a wide variety of data communicationsnetworks and may include public portions (e.g., the Internet), as wellas private portions (e.g., a residential Local Area Network (LAN)).Network 302 may be implemented using any one or more of a wide varietyof conventional communications configurations including both wired andwireless types. Any of a wide variety of communications protocols can beused to communicate data via network 302, including both public andproprietary protocols. Examples of such protocols include TCP/IP,IPX/ISPX, NetBEUI, etc.

In addition to gaming systems 100, one or more online services 304 a,304 m may be accessible via network 302 to provide various services forthe participants, such as hosting online games, serving downloadablemusic or video files, hosting gaming competitions, serving streaming A/Vfiles, and the like. Network gaming environment 300 may further employ akey distribution center 306 that plays a role in authenticatingindividual players and/or gaming systems 100 to one another as well asto online services 304. Distribution center 306 distributes keys andservice tickets to valid participants that may then be used to formgames including multiple players or to purchase services from onlineservices 304.

Network gaming environment 300 introduces another memory sourceavailable to individual gaming systems 100, i.e., online storage. Inaddition to optical storage disk 108, hard disk drive 208, and MU(s)140, gaming system 100 a can also access data files available at remotestorage locations via network 302, as exemplified by remote storage 308at online service 304 m.

Exemplary Game—Auto Racing

The logic shown in FIG. 4 is used to determine advancement of a playerto a new level and other rewards in an exemplary automobile racing game.At a step 400, the game is initialized and parameters are set up forbeginning play of the game. For example, a player may obtain a car byselecting from a set of cars available to the player's current level.Alternatively, the player may need to win a car through a standardchallenge race, or by other means. Additional setup steps may includeselecting a city in which to race, or another racing environment. Theplayer may select from among additional game options, such as mutingsound or disclosing cheats.

When the game is setup, the player may go to a first chapter of stages,or to a previously accessed chapter of stages. Preferably, the gameincludes multiple chapters, each chapter comprising multiple stages. Toopen or advance to another chapter, the player must successfullycomplete a number of stages within one chapter. The player successfullycompletes a stage by achieving a player-adjustable goal in the stage. Astage is preferably a type of race that is played independent of otherraces (i.e., independent of other stages). Optionally, a stage may be aportion of a single race. Examples of various stages include:

Hotlap—the player races against the clock for one or more laps of therace track to complete one of the laps within a target time;

Timed Run—the player races against the clock to complete a preset numberof laps (e.g., three laps) of the race track within a target;

Speed Challenge—the player races against the clock (and optionallyagainst opponents) to maintain an average speed during one or more lapsof the race track;

Pass Challenge—the player races against a number of opponents, andattempts to pass as many opponents as possible in one or more laps ofthe race track;

One-on-one—the player races against one opponent for one or more laps ofthe race track, and attempts to beat the opponent, possibly afterproviding the opponent with a head start; and

Street Race—the player races against two or more opponents for one ormore laps of the race track, and attempts to beat at least one of theopponents, although not necessarily all of the opponents.

At a step 402, the player selects a stage from among the number ofstages in the current chapter. After selecting a stage, the player playsthe stage (e.g., drives the race), and accrues stage points at a step404. Accrual of stage points depends on a variety of reward actionsinvolving objective skill and subjective style. Points are awarded forsuccessfully performing objective skill tasks and for successfullyperforming subjective style feats. Objective skill tasks areundertakings that must be achieved by the player to complete a currentstage. Examples include completing a run around a portion of the racetrack, finding shortcuts, or picking up fuel packs. Conversely,subjective style feats are optional actions, such as doing a power slideduring the race. Further details regarding style feats are discussedbelow.

If the player successfully completes a stage, the stages points areapplied to a Kudos score. The Kudos score is a total number of pointsaccrued in the game from all stages previously raced by the player, inall chapters previously accessed. As discussed in further detail below,the Kudos score may be used to determine the player's advancement in thegame, and/or to provide the player with other rewards.

Preferably, after completing a stage, the accrued stage points are usedto determine a stage rating of the player's performance in the stage.The stage rating may be a numerical value relative to some standard,such as a scale of one (1) to ten (10). Alternatively, the stage ratingmay be one of a number of discrete levels, such as gold, silver, orbronze. The stage rating may also be zero or blank, representing theplayer's failure to achieve the player's desired goal for the stage.

The stage rating is determined and stored at a step 406. Also, anoverall chapter performance is determined, or revised, based on the mostrecent stage rating. The chapter performance is a function of the stageratings obtained from the stages played so far in the chapter.Preferably, chapter performance determines whether a player is permittedto access the next chapter. In this manner, chapter performance isindirectly based on points accrued for objective skill tasks andsubjective stylish feats. The relationship is indirect, because chapterperformance is based on stage ratings, which are based on stage points,and stage points are based on both objective skill tasks and subjectivestylish feats. Alternatively, the chapter performance may be baseddirectly on the Kudos score.

At a decision step 408, the current chapter performance is comparedagainst a chapter threshold level to determine whether the player willbe permitted to access the next chapter. If the current chapterperformance exceeds the chapter threshold level, the player is enabledto access the next chapter at a step 410. Otherwise, the total Kudosscore is compared with a next reward level, at a decision step 412. Asindicated above, the total Kudos score may be used separately to obtainrewards instead of determining whether a player can advance to a newchapter. For example, at a step 414, based upon the Kudos score, theplayer may be offered a higher-performance car, special components forthe player's car, or other indirect rewards. Also as indicated above,the total Kudos score may optionally be used to directly reward theplayer with earlier advancement to a new chapter.

At a decision step 416, the logic determines whether the player haschosen to quit the game. If the player chooses to quit, the game simplyends. Alternatively, control returns to step 402, where the player mayselect another stage to play, or may repeat the previous stage.

FIG. 5 illustrates how stage points and a stage rating are determined,based on a player-set goal in the automobile racing game. At a step 450,the stage is initially set up for play. For example, options that arespecific to the stage can be chosen, such as the particular car used bythe player, music that will play during the stage, or other options. Ata step 452, a player-adjustable goal is established and stored. Furtherdetail on setting a goal is provided below with regard to FIG. 6. Once agoal is established, the selected stage is executed, at a step 454, andstage points are accrued during play of the stage. As indicated above,stage points are a function of two kinds of reward actions. Objectivereward actions, (i.e., successfully performing objective skill tasks)result in objective points being added to the running total of stagepoints for the player. Subjective reward actions (i.e., performingsubjective style feats) result in subjective points being added to therunning total of stage points for the player.

When play is complete for the current stage, the logic determines, at adecision step 456, whether the player-set goal was achieved. If theplayer did not achieve the goal, all points accrued for that stage aredeleted at step 458. Optionally, the stage points accrued could simplybe reduced as a consequence of the player not achieving the goal thatwas set. Alternatively, the player may even lose points from the stagepoints previously accumulated. At this point in the logic, since thegoal was not achieved, no stage rating is determined for the stage.Instead, the game simply enables the player to repeat the stage at astep 460. Alternatively, the player may select a different stage toattempt.

If the goal is achieved, however, the stage points accrued are enhancedat a step 462. Preferably, the stage points are increased only if theplayer exceeded the goal. Also, preferably, the stage points areincreased as a function of how difficult the goal was, and as a functionof the amount by which the player beat the goal. In addition, the stagepoints may be further increased if the player gambles a joker, or wildcard, prior to playing the stage to further gamble on achieving thegoal. At a decision step 464, the game determines whether a joker wasgambled by the player. If a joker was gambled, a joker multiplier isapplied to the stage points at a step 466, to further increase thepoints obtained for the stage. If a joker was not gambled, no additionalpoints are obtained. Optionally, the stage points may be reduced if ajoker was gambled, but the player failed to achieve the goal set by theplayer.

Based on the stage points, the game determines a stage rating at a step468. As indicated above, the stage rating is preferably a function of apredetermined number of points expected for the stage. The predeterminednumber of points expected for the stage may represent an average numberof points obtained, for example, by players participating in a usabilitystudy when the game was being developed and prior to its public release.Alternatively, the predetermined number of points expected for the stagemay represent an average number of points obtained by the player inprevious attempts at completing the stage. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that a variety of methods may be used to establish a number ofpoints expected for the stage. Also, as indicated above, multiple levelsof predetermined points may be employed, for example, to represent agold level, a silver level, and a bronze level.

Once the stage rating is determined, the stage points are added to theplayer's previous total Kudos score for the game, at a step 470. Theplayer is again enabled to repeat the stage, if desired, at a step 460.However, if the player chooses to repeat the stage and does not performas well, the previous stage points are replaced by the stage pointsobtained during the second attempt. This step includes replacing thestage points with zero points if the player-adjustable goal is notachieved during the second attempt, even if it was achieved during thefirst attempt. The player may try to gain more points by raising thegoal to a more difficult level before the second attempt, but may failto achieve the goal during the second attempt. If the player fails toachieve the goal set during the second attempt, the stage points for thefirst attempt are replaced by zero points. As a result, the player'schapter performance and total Kudos score are reduced. Alternatively, aless successful second attempt could be ignored, and the previous stagepoints retained, which would result in the best score for the stagebeing retained for the player's chapter performance and total Kudosscore.

FIG. 6 illustrates the logic for setting and gambling on a goal, whichthe player believes will be achieved. An unskilled player may set alow-performance goal in a stage to ensure achieving the goal andadvancing. Conversely, a highly skilled player can set ahigh-performance goal, increasing the potential to obtain more pointsfor taking a bigger risk. Preferably, a player will receive more pointsfor setting a more difficult goal and just making it, than for settingan easy goal and surpassing it by a large amount. Thus, this scoringsystem rewards a player gambling with a greater risk of failure, on theplayer's skill potential. The player-adjustable goal for each of theabove stages is as follows:

Hotlap—the time within which the player believes one lap, out of one ormore laps of the race track, can be completed by the player;

Timed Run—the time within which the player believes a preset number oflaps (e.g., three laps) of the race track can be completed by theplayer;

Speed Challenge—the average speed that the player believes can bemaintained by the player during one or more laps of the race track;

Pass Challenge—the number of opponents that the player believes can bepassed by the player in one or more laps of the race track;

One-on-one—the head start time that the player believes can be given toan opponent, while the player still is able to beat the opponent in oneor more laps of the race track; and

Street Race—the finishing position that the player expects to achieve ina race against two or more opponents for one or more laps of the racetrack.

To the set the appropriate goal, the game logic first determines anddisplays a goal curve, at a step 480. The goal curve depicts arelationship between a target parameter, such as time, and a relativenumber of points that will be awarded if the goal is achieved for thestage. Further discussion of the goal curve is provided below in regardto FIGS. 7A and 7B.

At a step 482 of FIG. 6, the game determines and displays a par goalthat the player is expected to achieve. The par goal is a default goalpredetermined for the game, based on factors known prior to beginningthe stage. For example, if the player is driving a high-performance car,the player will be expected to achieve a more difficult goal than if theplayer were driving a low-performance car. Thus, for a high-performancecar, the game will determine and display a higher par goal than if theplayer were driving a lower-performance car. Specifically, each caravailable in the game is assigned a car performance factor (CPF) that isa numerical value between 1.0 (lowest-performance car) and 4.0(highest-performance car). The CPF of the player's selected car isapplied to an average goal for the stage in determining the par goal.Other factors may also be used to determine the par goal, including theplayer's past performance, the race track conditions, and/or the numberof opponents.

The player may select a more difficult goal that deviates from the pargoal, to suit the player's preference and/or the player's own perceivedskill level. At a decision step 484, the game determines whether theplayer modified the goal via an input device. If so, the game logicadjusts the goal, at a step 486. Correspondingly, the game adjusts thedisplay of the goal, at a step 488. Preferably, the player is limited inadjusting the goal to within a minimum and a maximum value, so as tomake the goal worth achieving.

As indicated above, the player may further gamble on the player'sperformance in the stage by using a joker prior to beginning the stage.At a decision step 490, the game first determines whether the player hasa joker available. A joker may have been previously awarded to theplayer for reaching a predefined level of total Kudos points, reaching apredefined level of stage points for a previous stage, or for reachingsome other level of performance. If the player has a joker available,the game determines at a decision step 492, whether the player haschosen to gamble the joker. If the player has elected to gamble thejoker, the game sets a joker multiplier at a step 494. After the jokermultiplier is set, or if the player did not elect to gamble the joker,or if the player does not have a joker available to gamble, thegoal-setting portion is complete, and control returns to the stage,which the player may then begin playing.

To illustrate further detail of goal setting, FIG. 7A provides a diagramof a Hotlap goal screen 500 that is displayed to the player for gamblingon a Hotlap stage. Hotlap goal screen 500 enables the player to select atarget lap time 502 within which the player gambles that one lap of aracetrack will be completed by the player, out of one or more lapsaround the race track. A time goal graph 504 illustrates therelationship between target lap time 502 and a relative number of Kudospoints that the player will be awarded for achieving target lap time502. If the player achieves the goal, the Kudos points will be appliedto the points obtained via objective skill tasks and subjective stylefeats during the Hotlap stage. Time goal graph 504 includes a horizontaltime axis 506, and a vertical Kudos points axis 508. A time goal curve510 defines the time-versus-points relationship. Preferably, therelationship defines a function that will be applied to the pointsobtained during the Hotlap stage. Alternatively, the relationship maydefine the number of Kudos points that will be added to the pointsobtained during the Hotlap stage.

Target line 512 tracks time goal curve 510 as a user adjusts target laptime 502 by selectively activating one of difficulty buttons 514. Inthis case, increasing the difficulty reduces the time within which theplayer believes a best lap of the racetrack will be completed by theplayer. Increasing the difficulty, by reducing the time, increases therelative number of Kudos points the player will be awarded for thestage, if the player completes one of the laps within the selectedtarget time. Joker button 516 enables the player to selectively gamblethe joker that the player will complete one of the laps of the racetrackwithin target time 512. Preferably, the number of laps in which theplayer is given to achieve target lap time 502, is limited. Limiting thenumber of laps for a Hotlap stage provides more challenge to the playerby providing more incentive for the player to obtain points forachieving a difficult target lap time, rather than building up a largenumber of points, based on stylish feats, over an unlimited number ofslower laps. Race button 518 is selected to enable the player to beginthe race.

FIG. 7B is a diagram of a Street Race goal screen 520 displayed to theplayer for gambling on a Street Race stage. Street Race goal screen 520enables the player to select a target position 522 in which the playerexpects to finish a street race against a number of opponents (e.g.,four opponents). A position goal graph 524 illustrates the relativerelationship between target position 522 and a relative number of Kudospoints that will be awarded for achieving the targeted position.Position goal graph 524 includes a horizontal position axis 526 and avertical Kudos points axis 528. A position goal curve 530 defines theposition-versus-points relationship. Target line 532 tracks positiongoal curve 530 as the player adjusts target position 522 with difficultybuttons 534. In this case, an increase in difficulty corresponds to ahigher finishing position (i.e., at or nearer to the winning first placeposition). Conversely, decreasing the difficulty lowers the targetfinishing position. Preferably, the player is not allowed to set atarget position of last place, so as prevent the street race from beingmeaningless.

Street Race goal screen 520 also includes a racers list 536. Racers list536 identifies the CPF of the car used by the player and each opponent,assisting the player to gage the target position that might beachievable. The difference in CPF between the player's car and eachopponent's car is also used to establish the relative number of pointsthe player will receive for each finishing position. For example, theCPF of the player's car is one factor point above the CPF of the car ofopponent 3. Thus, position goal curve 530 indicates that the playerwould not obtain very many points for finishing in 4^(th) position,beating only opponent 3. Conversely, the player would obtain quite a fewmore points for finishing in 3^(rd) place, by beating opponent 3 andopponent 2, who has a car with a slightly higher CPF than the player. Asposition goal curve 530 illustrates, the relative number of points theplayer might obtain increases as a function of the difference in CPFbetween the player's car and each opponent's car. Thus, it issignificant that if the player is using a car that has a lower CPF thanthose of the opponents, the player may select a lower finishing positionthan first place, yet still be awarded points for that stage of the gameby achieving the selected goal.

As discussed above, the player may also gamble a joker through jokerbutton 538 to further benefit from successfully achieving the targetposition. Once satisfied with the selected goal, the player may pressrace button 540 to begin the race.

Also as indicated above, a player may enhance the player's stage points,regardless of the stage goal, by performing feats of style. Style featsfor the exemplary automobile racing game include, but are not limitedto, the following:

Power slide—sliding the car in the proper direction of travel, while theprimary axis of the car is at a substantial angle relative to thedirection of travel;

“J” turn—reversing the car's direction by 180 degrees in a spinningmaneuver;

Donut—spinning the car 360 degrees;

Two wheeling—getting the car onto two wheels, such as by driving the carup onto a curb to bounce two wheels of one side of the car into the air;

Catching air—jumping the car into the air, such as by driving over alarge hill at a high rate of speed;

Slalom—driving around cones on a coned-section of the route, withoutdisrupting the cones;

Block—cutting off an opponent who is trying to pass;

Passing—more points are obtained for passing an opponent at a muchgreater speed than the opponent is traveling (i.e., “blowing by” anopponent);

Clean split—completing a section of the track without any errors indriving;

Avoiding collisions with barriers;

Avoiding collisions with other cars; and

Making a good start to the race.

As an example of a style feat, FIG. 8 illustrates a power slide. A car552 is traveling on track 550 and moves from a first location 554 to asecond location 554′ along a path 556. However, axis 558 of car 552defines an angle 560 relative to path 556. Angle 556 is determined basedon the relative position of the car between two successive displayframes. Two successive display frames establish first location 554 andsecond location 554′ and thus establish path 556. Path 556 is measuredin regard to axis 558 of the car to determine angle 560 during theslide. If angle 560 exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., 15°), andif other criteria are met (e.g., no collisions with objects or othercars occur), car 552 is deemed to be successfully performing a powerslide along path 556.

FIG. 9 illustrates the logic used to determine the number of pointsawarded for a power slide (i.e., slide points). The power slide is astyle feat, because it is not a necessary act and is not required tocomplete an event (race) in the game. In fact, it may be a detrimentalact, from an objective standpoint, because car 552 will likely losevelocity as a result of the power slide. However, the player is stillrewarded with slide points for the power slide, because the power slideis considered a stylish feat.

At a step 570, the game detects slide initiation. Slide initiation isbased on a simulation of the actual physics that enable a car to slide.For example, the game includes a mathematical simulation of frictionbetween the car's tire and the track. To determine slide initiation, thegame logic detects a tire friction level that is below a frictionthreshold. The game logic also detects that the car has exceeded athreshold angle between the axis of the car and the path of travel. Asfurther confirmation that the car is power sliding, and not justspinning, successive frames of the car's location are used to determinethat the car's travel distance along the path of travel is greater thana distance threshold. When the game logic determines that the car issliding, the speed of the car at the point the car began sliding isstored. The game logic then begins computing slide points on aframe-by-frame basis.

Specifically, at a decision step 572, the game first determines whetherthe car was involved in a collision during the frame. The car mightcollide with another car, a barrier, or other object. If the gamedetermines that the car has collided with an object, the game sets theslide points to zero at a step 574. Thus, no slide points are awardedfor the power slide if the car is involved in a collision, because thepower slide is no longer considered stylish if the player did notmaintain sufficient control during the power slide to avoid a collision.It should be apparent that this determination is subjective, dependingon the game design. For example, it may be considered even more stylishif a player can intentionally power slide into a moving target, such asan opponent. A collision may also result in simply reducing the slidepoints rather than eliminating them altogether.

However, in this example, if no collision is detected during a frame,the game logic computes points for the frame at a step 576 and addsthose frame points to the total slide points accumulated thus far. Thenumber of points computed for one frame of sliding is preferably afunction of a number of parameters, including the angle of the car as itslides, the distance the car slides within the frame, whether the car issliding in a straightaway or curve, and/or other parameters. Inaddition, the number of points for a single frame may be furtherincreased if one or more additional reward actions occur during theframe. For example, if during the power slide frame, the player alsopasses an opponent, the points computed for the frame may be multipliedby a predefined constant. Thus, the points for the stylish feat of powersliding are further increased as a reward for the more stylish feat ofbeing able to pass an opponent while sliding.

Once the points are computed for a frame and added to the total slidepoints, the game determines, at a decision step 578, whether the slidehas terminated during that frame. This determination is made in aninverse of the way used to determine slide initiation. If the powerslide has not terminated, control returns to decision step 572 toprocess the next frame. If, however, the power slide has terminated, thegame logic notes the car's exit speed from the slide and determines, ata decision step 580, whether the exit speed is greater than zero. If theexit speed is greater than zero, the game further increases the slidepoints, at a step 582. If, however, the power slide was terminatedbecause the car came to a complete stop (without colliding), the slidepoints are not further increased. An increase in slide points for apositive exit speed may be based on the difference between the slideentry speed and the slide exit speed, or may be based only on the slideexit speed.

At a decision step 584, the game counts down a predetermined delay time(e.g., a predetermined number of frames), within which no othercollision may occur. If a collision occurs after the power slide hasterminated, but within the predetermined delay time, all of theaccumulated slide points are lost at step 574, in this embodiment. It isnot considered stylish to perform a power slide, then immediatelythereafter collide with another object. If, however, no collision occurswithin the predetermined delay time, but the player initiates anotherreward action within the delay time, yet another multiplier may beapplied to the slide points, at a step 586. For example, if a playerperforms a power slide, then quickly pops the car up onto two wheels,the player is given additional points for combining the power slide withanother stylish feat. The new reward action need not necessarily be astylish feat. For example, the slide points may be multiplied if theplayer accomplishes a skill task, such as crossing the finish line,within the predetermined delay time after the power slide (or during apower slide frame). In any event, once the predetermined delay time haspassed, and the total slide points are determined, the slide points areadded to the points accumulated thus far for the stage, at a step 588.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of logic used to apply one or more multipliersto points accumulated for performing two or more reward actions at thesame time, or for beginning one or more additional reward actions in theshort predetermined delay time, as described above. This logicillustrates that multipliers may be nested at multiple levels toincrease the points awarded for skill tasks and style feats.Specifically, at a step 590, the game logic computes points given for afirst reward action, such as the power slide discussed above. At adecision step 592, the game determines whether a second reward actionwas carried out, such as passing an opponent, while power sliding. If asecond reward action is detected, the game computes separate points forthe second reward action at a step 594. At a decision step 596, the gamethen determines whether yet another reward action was implemented. If athird reward action was not carried out, the game applies a secondreward action multiplier to the first reward action points, at a step598. For example, as discussed above, a multiplier is applied to theslide points for the power slide reward action if the player also passesan opponent while sliding.

If, however, a third reward action was initiated, the game computesseparate points for the third reward action at a step 600. The processof nesting multipliers continues at a decision step 602, where the gamedetermines whether a fourth reward action was initiated. Theoretically,this nesting can continue, limited only by the processing power of thegame system, but in a practical sense, will likely be limited to two orthree levels. As can be seen by step 604, if no fourth reward action wasinitiated, the game applies a third reward action multiplier to thesecond reward action points (e.g., to the points for passing anopponent). In addition, the third reward action multiplier is applied tothe first reward action points (e.g., to the points for power sliding),at a step 606. As before, the second reward action multiplier is thenapplied to the first reward action points, at step 598. Thus, the pointscan be based not only on individual skill tasks and style feats, butalso on combinations of skill tasks and style feats.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with thepreferred form of practicing it and modifications thereto, those ofordinary skill in the art will understand that many other modificationscan be made to the invention within the scope of the claims that follow.For example, enabling a player to set a goal in the game may be appliedto almost any aspect of a game. Alternatively, or in addition, enablinga player to obtain points for a style feat that is not a necessary taskof the game may be applied to any game that does not already require thestyle feat. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of theinvention in any way be limited by the above description, but instead bedetermined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.

The invention in which an exclusive right is claimed is defined by thefollowing:
 1. A method of awarding points to a player in a game playedusing an electronic device that determines points awarded to eachplayer, comprising the steps of: (a) enabling a player to set a goal forperformance in the game; (b) determining a number of goal-based pointsapplied by the electronic device for determining a status of the playerin the game, as a function of the player's performance in relation tothe goal set by the player; and (c) determining subjective pointsapplied by the electronic device in determining the status of the playerin the game, as a function of the player's performance as measuredagainst a subjective criterion.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising the step of determining objective points applied by theelectronic device in determining the status of the player in the game,as a function of the player's performance as measured against anobjective criterion, the status of the player in the game being basedupon a total of the goal-based, subjective, and objective points awardedto the player in the game.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprisingthe step of deducting a number of points equal to a sum of the objectivepoints and the subjective points, thereby canceling out the objectivepoints and the subjective points, if the player fails to achieve thegoal set by the player.
 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising thestep of determining a rating of the player's performance on a fixedscale as a function of the total of the goal-based, subjective, andobjective points.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the stepof enabling the player to advance to another level if the rating meets apredetermined threshold on the fixed scale.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the step of determining subjective points comprises the step ofawarding points as a function of a player's performance of a feat ofstyle that is not a necessary task of the game.
 7. The method of claim6, wherein the feat of style includes one of power sliding, spinning,driving on two wheels, jumping into the air, blocking an opponent,avoiding obstacles, passing an opponent, somersaulting, twirling aweapon, and shooting backwards.
 8. A game comprising: (a) a goalselector enabling a player to indicate a goal for a level of performancethat the player expects to achieve during the game; (b) a goal pointcounter that determines a number of goal-based points that will beawarded to the player as a function of the performance of the player inrelation to achieving the goal indicated by the player; and (c) asubjective point counter that determines a number of subjective pointsthat are awarded to a player for performing at least one action that isnot an objective task of the game.
 9. An electronic game system thatenables a player to earn points at least in part as a function ofsuccessfully achieving a goal for a level of performance set by theplayer, comprising: (a) an input device that enables a player to controla simulated player in a simulated game environment; (b) a processorcoupled to the input device; (c) a display coupled to the processor fordisplaying the actions of the simulated player in the simulated gameenvironment; and (d) a memory coupled to the processor that storesmachine instructions causing the processor to: (i) enable a player toset the goal for the level of performance in the game; (ii) determine anumber of goal-based points that will be awarded to a player indetermining a status of a player in the game, as a function of aperformance of a player in relation to the goal set by a player; and(iii) determine subjective points that will be awarded to a player indetermining the status of a player in the game, as a function of a styleperformance of a player as measured against a predetermined subjectivecriterion.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the machine instructionsfurther cause the processor to determine objective points in determiningthe status of a player in the game, based upon whether a playersuccessfully performs an objective task in the game, the status of aplayer in the game being a function of the goal-based, subjective, andobjective points awarded to a player in the game.
 11. A method ofdetermining points awarded to a player in a game, comprising the stepsof: (a) enabling the player to set a goal of performance in the game;(b) awarding points to the player as a function of the playersuccessfully performing a subjective style feat; and (c) modifying thepoints that are awarded to the player in step (b) as a function of theperformance of the player in relation to achieving the goal set by theplayer.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step ofmodifying the points as a function of the player completing both anobjective skill task and the subjective style feat.
 13. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the step of enabling the player to set the goalcomprises the step of enabling the player to establish a time withinwhich the player will complete a task in the game.
 14. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the step of enabling the player to set a goalcomprises the step of enabling the player to indicate a minimum numberof points that the player expects accumulate in at least a portion ofthe game.
 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step ofenabling the player to gamble that the player will achieve the goal ofperformance that the player set.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein ifthe player has gambled and is successful in achieving the goal ofperformance, further comprising the step of awarding more points to theplayer than would be awarded if the player had not gambled.
 17. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the step of enabling the player to gamblecomprises the step of deducting at least some points previously awardedto the player for failure by the player to achieve the goal ofperformance set by the player.
 18. The method of claim 11, wherein anobjective skill task is an undertaking that must be achieved by theplayer to complete a current stage in the game.
 19. The method of claim18, wherein a success of the player in achieving the undertaking isdetermined based on one of an elapsed time, a distance achieved, a speedachieved, a position achieved, a relative position achieved, and one ormore subtasks achieved by the player.
 20. The method of claim 11,wherein a subjective style feat is an act that is unnecessary tocomplete an objective skill task of the game.
 21. The method of claim20, wherein the act is performed in the course of completing anobjective skill task of the game.
 22. The method of claim 21, whereinthe act is accomplished by one of: (a) executing a trick; and (b)performing the act in a manner that substantially exceeds a definedlevel of performance.